Ali Jimale Ahmed: Muujeya lé waaye me Magaashey mé dhimmédaw[1]
August 31, 1958-March 31, 2026
“Nafyay o ké sugung deggénaanté i raallinnimédé. Hang nagoy dhinégé rabbégaa, adé o raallé eh raalléné-né lokoo eyi. Ha dhowaaw, haké darséng moddiyaalkey sharéfté leh. Jinnaadey-né ha gal.” Quraang, Walfajri (89): 27-30.
Ali Jimale Ahmed way haayay walgoréd, kaatib, afyaal i maalléng aalami eh. Ilaahey ing naharisé, dhiméshoodis eeda unku nahi. Maallénké way foolkéfool ing barédey 1986ti, usé o kutaab Ph.D. ké eyi Jaama’addé UCLA, Amerika, ané o markaas maalléng ké haayi Jaama’addé UKM Malaysia. Way lammaadanoobé haku qiibgalney Kulunki Aalamigé Seeddahaad ee Diraasaadké Somalidé, Somali Studies International Association SSIA, léké qobédi Roma, Italiya billi Maajo 1986ti. Kulunkung Ali Jimale way haké jeediyey maqaal: Modern Somali Prose Fiction: an Overview. (Kormar: Riwaayédo Khiyaaligé Somaligé ‘Asrigé eh.)[2] Aniiné way haké jeediyey lammé maqaal o shal eh: 1. The Emergence and Role of Political Parties in the Inter-River Region of Somalia from 1947 to 1960 (Independence). (Dhaléshédé i Doorké Ahsaabté Siyaasigé ku Dheeleng Gobolké in Dhahooyé Lammaadé Webé Somaliya 1947 ilaa 1960 (Hurriyadé).)[3] Ii 2. The Arabic Sources on Somalia. (Masaadirté Arabigé ke Saabséng Somaliya.)[4]
Ali maqaalshey way haayey naqdé, critic, usé ké suubiyaayey seddé riwaayadood: 1. Waasuge iyo Warsame, o abtugi Xusseen Sh. Axmed “Kaddare”; 2. Aqoondarro waa u Nacab Jacayl, o abtugi Faarax M. J. Cawl; i 3. Rooxaan, o abtugi Shire Jaamac Axmed. Riwaayadoogung way ké saabsényiina dhagén Somaligé mariyi. Ali way dereemey dhagameedung ini Somali iniing dhommaayné o dhagéng gooné eh ing edeegayaang, dhagénké hooléjerté sheleedis. Taas o horseeti fikréddé erraasé Somalidé badénsho ini eyiing Reer guuraa, hoolédhaqaté. Bulshooyinké beerreyté, reer beledké, reer maanyadé, hirfidleeyté dhagénsho ini qiimé saas eh ing lahaayné.
Aniiné maqaalkey koowaad way ha bandhikeeyé geféfké luku gali taariikté Somalidé, o sidé suugaanté Ali Jimale han sheegi, taariikténé léké dhiki to buunbuuniyaasé taariikté hooléjerté. Dowliyaaki jeri geekki mariidi, beldaame taariikté leh, hoggaamiyaal taariiki eh, isti’maar lé dirirké Somalidé, ahsaab siyaasi abuurow, kullésho way lahan bandhikey ini eyiing hooléjer. Somalidé way léké dhikey -o beeng eh- ini eyiing dad isku issirko eh, isku afko eh isku dhaganko eh, isku taariikto eh. 1991di maddi burburki dhiyi, aalemké, Afrika inké horeeyté way lé yaabena se indhiyi korté wala Somali ké dhiyi!
[1] Maqaalkung o eed ing gaabéng o ané inké ooysédaw Ustaad Ali Jimale Ahmed, way Af Maay inké abtugey ustaadké o aaminsénaayi Aféte Somalidé o lé tokoori, Af Maay ini lé too eyi Af Maxaatiri: “We forgot that … the Reewin … with their Maay Language are as Somali as those who speak Maxatiri.” Fiiri. Ali Jimale Ahmed, “Daybreak is Near, Won’t You Become Sour? Going Beyond the Current Rhetoric in Somali Studies” in The invention of Somalia, edited by Ali Jimale Ahmed (Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red Sea Press Inc., 1995) Safhaddé 142.
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[2] Ali Jamale Ahmed, “Modern Somali Prose Fiction: An Overview.” In Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Somali Studies, edited by Annarita Puglielli, (Roma: Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, 1988) 139-142.
[3] Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, “The Emergence and Role of Political Parties in the Inter-River Region of Somalia from 1947-1960 (Independence).” In Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Somali Studies, (Roma: Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, 1988) 308-313.
[4] Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, “The Arabic Sources on Somalia.” In Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Somali Studies, (Roma: Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, 1988) 318-324.
Maqaalkey lammaad, way doboolké ku feedey ini masaadirté taariikté Somalidé luku weydiyi badenshe masaadirti musta’marké Ingiriiské i masaadir afeedké hooléjerté; hindho luku doboolédi masaadirté asaasigé eh o ku mid eyiing Arabigé, Telyaanigé, i masadirté oraahdé eh ee bulshooyinké ing haayné hooléjerté. Saas o kelé masaadirté aféte ummudo deréske lé enné sidé: masaadirté Amhaarigé, Swahiiligé, Faarisigé, hindigé, Shiinégé i Bolenesiyanké. Maddaasa le hele fadi taariik Somali o sah eh.
1986ti Ali Jimale i anné way ogaaney ini doonto isle saarénaayni isku arégtédo-ne ku haayni umuuro Somalidé. Way arégney Somali ini lé dhumiyé, jehégoddoong léké ridi. May telé eh ye is erni? Way is tusney ini Somali lé baraarujiyo. Walbaréshoodiyé madanigé léké nagédé. Wala uné noo guuhaw laha bandhiké lé nashriyé, publications. Way nassiib ké lahaaney, Ali way faalloodegé guud, Editor-in-Chief ku nagédey Joornaalké UFAHAMU o eh Joornal ké dowahaw edké Afrikaanké dhirifséng, Journal of African Activist Association, o maamulshe leyi Markaské Diraasaadké Afrikaanké, African Studies Center, Jaamacaddé University of Caliornia, Los Angeles UCLA. Gukki 1989ki, Ali Jimale way UFAHAMU haké nashriyey maqaalkikey koowaad.[5] Lamé sinni ku hor-né, maqaalkikey lammaad ye lahaké nashriyi Joornaal sinnidle eh lé erraw History in Africa, A Journal of Method.[6] 1989ki-ne Ali Jimale Ahmed way qaadédey ijasadi amé darajaadi Ph.D.[7] Taariikhyahannédi adduunké, sugaanleey, siyaasiyyiin; Somali i ajnabi kullésho afka shal qaadeeng, waa jadiid eh ye ké bariyi. Way leyiina inte ke helaané ma’luumaadkung usub o Mukhtar i Jimale buste ku dhondhowo haayang?
1990ki dhatiis, way ha hoogowaayey dereenki haayi Somali ini burburaasé. Grup ye lé asaasi lé erraw Ergada Wadatashiga Somaliyeed. Ujeedshé eyi ini lé dhadhahaadiyé dhiniya is haysédaang Somaliya. Hubno ergédung way in badénaayena akiyaar walgoréd Somali eh, 99% way haayena ulmé haku jeeddé hooléjer, masalan: Said Sh. Samatar, Ali Khalif Galleer, Mohamud Hassan Tani, Adan Imaan, Husseein M. Adan, Ali A. Hersi, Faisal Roble, Osman Suldan Ali, Mohamud Abdi Hamid (aka 9), iyo haano lé too eh. Ané i Ali Jimale ye haayni hubné o Somalidé kelé haku jeedé!
Si kedis eh ye burburki ing dhiyi 1991ti. way né kaalmeyaayey Hey’adé ajnabi eh ku mid haayeng: Life and Peace o Swedish eh, U.S. Institute of Peace, i Canadian Institute of Peace. Way towéna ini liin baahédi hubné noo mid eh ini liin diré Somalia o haku warbiyaang haaléddé dalké ké sugényi. Way léké helliyey arlé Issaq, arlé Dhulbahante, arlé Warsangeli, arlé Mijerteen, arle Habargedir ini tiibé qof liin diré. Inte ha herti-né qof liin diré! Ané i Ali way ké doodney inté herti o eh wali Webi Shibeelé ku hooseyé ye in baahang ini dad badéng liin diré! sabébté o eh degaankas i dadshey waa meellé Somaliya inké war yer. Way léne errey hubnoogung ye haku warrémé doonang! Tang way hané towiidey wala Somali lé burburti o uné améng dheer ha ogaani. Gobolleedung ing dhaheeyé lammaadé webé, warsho wilishey duduub ley haade. Reer Shibeelé, reer Banaadir, reer Goleed, Digil i Mirifle Ergada hubung miinké jeré
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[5] Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, “The Emergence and Role of Political Parties in the Inter-River Region of Somalia from 1947 to 1960 (Independence).” In UFAHAMU, Special Issue, Volume XVII -Number II- Spring 1989, Somalia, (Los Angelis, California: African Studies Center) 75-95.
[6] Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, “Arabic Sources on Somalia” in History in Africa: Journal of Method, Volume 14/1987 (Los Angelis, California: African Studies Association Publication, 1987) 141-172.
[7] Ali Jimale Ahmed, “Tradition, Anomaly and the Wave for the Future: Somali Oral Literature, Nuruddin Farah and Written Somali Prose Fiction.” Ph. D. Dissertation, UCLA, 1989.
ing haayne Anné i Ali. Lammaadanoobé-né safar nii kakanyi, maddaasley shaqi maalléng-némé eh billaawni. Way ley-né bahé kore qof Ergada hubung ku eh! Way ké doodney ini Ergada lahaké daré hubné dadkaas eh o dhaqameediyo i aféteediyo gorodaayang. Ay hubung nagédékoré ye lis weydiyi? Ph.D. ama MA qof haysédé ye shardé léké dhiki. Way ogaaney, Gedabursi ini Somali inké Ph.D. Badénaayi waqtégaas! Inké dombooyti, way si meel ké deer haang eh hang helney seddé kutaab amé, ardey o ké jeraang marhaladdé, post-graduate programes, MA i Ph.D, o haku jeedang goboleedaas, o shal haayeng: Abdi Kusow, Omar Enow, i Mohamed Munye, sédaas ye arrénti ké dhammaayni.
1991ti Ali haku guuri Los Angeles LA California, way shaqé maalléng-némé ku bilaawey Queens College, New York; ini usé dhikké maaddoyinké: Suugaan is-Baaltaallé, Comparative Litereyture, o shal eh; sugaanté Afrika, Barégé Dhaté, Amerika i Yurub. Aniiné haku guuri Kuala Lumpur KL Malaysia, way shaqé ku heley Jaama’addé Savannah State University, Savannah Georgia. Ini aniiné dhikké Taariikté Afrika, Barégé Dhaté, i Taariikté Adduunké i tang Amerika. Tang wal uné ké telléni mé haayné, Allé Subhaanahu wa ta’aalaa, amarshey ye haayti. Allé (SWT) keera né waaféjhiyaayi. Islé shaqeeyowki ye niig sehllénaadi. Islé hariirki ye niing sehllénaadi. New York i Savannah isku waqtegowu, Eastern Time (ET). Kuala Lumpur, i New York way in dhahooye 13 saa’adood. Savannah i Ndew York Islé Maanyéwiinté Atlantikédé ye ké yaalan. Warko i waakowa iské nagéni. Allow adi mahad leh.
Jannaayo 1991ti, Somaliya burburti. Kumaankung ye hang bogtaaleng Kenya i Itoobiya. Muqdishu dhulka lé dhiki. Reer webé i reer goleed oong i baahi léké dili. Aasimédiyo, Baydhowé o liing gorédaayi Baydhowé Jinaay, way liing biyey belédki mijidké dedereerayi, the city of walking dead, gobolké dhon way liing biyey, Seddé Geesledi dhiméshédé, the triangle of death. Billi Maajo 18, 1991, Somalidi haku jeeddi British Protectorate of Somalia, Somalinnimédi ké riddooweng, bereeng, maamul gooné eh ye ké dhawaageng, Jamhuuriyédé Somaliland. Adduunyadi wereerti. Way gorédéwaaysényiina asbaabté sheenti Somalidi o isku isirko, i isku afko eh; isku diinto i dhagénko haayti ini sédé in shadeedate.
Ustaad Ali Jimale Ahmed way ha iin jeediyey fikirki uné haké jeediyaani kulunki SSIA ee Roma 1986ti ini ing baahényi bus ku dhondhowow, lé dereensiyé Somalidé i adduunké-bé haqiiqédé Somaliya. Malé awaalki Somali ké dhisénaayti gedaal liinké nagédé. Maddaasa, kulunki Diraasaatké Afrika, African Studies Association ASA, o léké qobédi Seattle, Washington 1992di kuku qiibgalni Seménaar lé erraw: The Invention of Somalia (Somalidé malé awaalké eh). Isla mowduuci ye jeeyni 1993di kulunki Diraasaadké Somalidé, SSIA léké qobédi Worcester, Massachusettes, i ki Diraasaadké Afrika ASA o léké qobédi Boston islé 1993di. Maqaalooyinki lahaké jeediyi Seminaarédung ye Ustad Ali haku saari buuk wedédi magaagi Seminaarrédé: The Invention of Somalia, o ha banbahi1995ti.
Buuggung way binnaanké ha dhikey aragté doboolénaayti. Way ha batey Somali o isku af ing haayné, isku isir ing haayné, Islaam ké dhagénsho shal eyi, dhagén-dhagaalésho shal eyi, bii’i shal eh degaayang. Ulmaadé ku qiib qaadéti way ku mid eha Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, Ali Jimale Ahmed, Abdalla Omar Mansur, Edward Alpers, Christopher Ehret, Catherine Besteman, Christine Choi, Ahmed Qasim Ali, i haano kele. 1993di, maddi unné o roogné Wocester SSIA kulunshe, way ulmaadung han jeediyey ini abuurné urur ilmiyeed diraasé dheeraad eh ké suubiyaw bulshooyinké degaayan lamaadé webé dhatiyo o liin biyi The Inter-Riverine Studies Associatio ISA (Ururké Diraasaadké Webiya Dhatiyo). Ururkuung way ha saarey Joornal lé erraw: Demenedung o editorshe nagédi, Mohamed Haji Mukhtar. ISA, joornaal-ké ké sokoow way door mug leh ku qaadétey ha saarow qoraallé i buugég ké saabséng aragtédung usub. Way ku mid eha: buug islé abtugeeng Catherine Besteman i Lee Cassanelli, The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia: The War Behind the War (1996); Bernhard Helander, The Hubeer in the Land of Plenty: Land Labour and vulnerability Among a Southern Somali Clan (2000). Way kelé ha bambahey qawaamis, English, Jiddu, Somali Mini-Dictionary o abtugi Salim Alio Ibro (1998), Mohamed Haji Mukhtar i Omar M. Ahmed o ha bandhikeeng, English-Maay Dictionary (2007). Bogtaallé Somali Bantu way darbiyeené TVyaal i Raadiyéyaal Af Maay haké bandhikaayang warar, riwaayadé i filimmé. Libaan MaayTV ee Minnesota way luku fiirsédeeyé adduunké dhong. ISA way dhiirrégeliidey kutaab in dhaléti arlé Riverine ini ta’liinté deersiyaang ilaa Ph.D. way misaal haang ku mid eha Abdi Kusow, Abdullaahi Osman, Mohamed Munye, Firdowsa Wardheere, i Mohamed i Omar Eno.
Ustaad Ali Jimale Ahmed intaas way in dheera dhahalké qaaligé eh usé niinku tabi buugég, riwaayadé, gobiyaal, fiidiyéyaal i maqaalaad ké saabséng aragtédung usub inké muhimsényiing: Daybreak is Near: Literature,Clans, and the Nation-State Somalia (1996), Fear is a Cow (2002), Diaspora Blues (2005), When Donkeys Give Birth to Calves (2012), badénsho aféf kelé léké tarjumi i Gaso, Ganuun iyo Gasiin o Af Maxaatiri eh.
Ustaadké tabowshey anné si gooné eh ye iin taabbédé. Ilaahey way unku tuugeyé ini ing naharisé, ehelshey i widaayoshey-né i kutaabtis sabér noo siyé. “Ilaaheya né leh, dhinésheyaané ing nagédaané.” Quraang, Baqaré (2): 156.
Mohamed Haji Mukhtar
Professor of African and Middle Eastern History
Savannah State University
Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A.
